Study Guide

Objective

The student know the breeding goals of different farm animals. The student can explain the present practices used in the breeding of cattle and pigs mainly. The student can make a summary about the principles of mating planning at herd level and can evaluate the effects of a mating plan. The student can explain the significance of breeding goals and practices used on production and sustainable development in animal production.

Content

Heredity, breeding goals of different animals, genetic evaluation, reading of Finnish and international breeding values, herd level mating plans, evaluation of the effects of a mating plan, progress in genetic gain, legislation, ethical considerations.

Materials

Aro, J., Niemi, A., Toivonen, M., & Vahlsten, T. (2020). Testaa ja valitse: Lypsykarjanjalostuksella tuloksiin (1. painos.). Opetushallitus.
Jokela, M., Ahola-Launonen, J., Oja-Leikas, M., & Rova, M. (2017). Kiehtovat geenit: Mihin geenitietoa käytetään? (1. painos.). Duodecim.

Teaching methods

Independend webbased learning.
Possibility to get guidance to assignments.

Student workload

Totally 130 h.

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

The student can name the most essential breeding goals and ways of gathering data for breeding. The student has basic ability to read and interpret the breeding values and breeding plans.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The student knows the breeding goals and their significance. The student can interpret breeding values and evaluate the effects of a breeding plan at herd level.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The student has in-depth knowledge for interpreting breeding values and breeding plans. The student can justify the selection criteria of animals and can explain the principles of broader breeding programs.

Assessment methods and criteria

Approved assignments.

Qualifications

Basic knowledge of Finnish animal production and documentation of production. Basic of farm animal housing and welfare or similar knowledge.

Objective

The student can define the concept of animal welfare and carry out basic assessment of welfare in practise. The student is familiar with the most common housing systems and the technology used in the management of housing conditions. The student is familiar with the basic tasks and documentation needed at different stages of the production cycles. The student can find information about the central legislation concerning animal welfare and production documentation. The student can explain how housing conditions, daily working routines, written documentation and legislation are connected with production results and sustainable development.

Content

Housing systems, interaction between animals and its environment, technology basics and other housing condition management, assessment of farm animal welfare, duties connected to different stages of production cycles, basics of anatomy and physiology connected to the above-mentioned issues, legislation concerning animal welfare, documentation of production and data registers connected to animal production.

Materials

Material informed by teacher.

Teaching methods

Lectures
Assingments
Demonstrations
Practical training
Self-study

Employer connections

Demontrations and practical training at Vacca oy.
Visits to enterprises at animal production sector.

Completion alternatives

Those interested about literature exam can contact the teahcer.

Student workload

Totally 135 h
Contact learning about 65 h, self study 60 h.

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

The student can explain the most important duties at different stages of production cycles. The student can list factors affecting farm animal welfare. The student can recognize the most usual housing systems and technological solutions used. The student can find information about the central legislation concerning animal welfare.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The student can explain significance of manners of working and documentation. The student can present differences between different housing systems and technological solutions and explain their interaction with working methods, animal welfare and production. The student can assess basics of animal welfare in practise and interpret central contents of legislation concerning animal welfare.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The student can compare and evaluate different technological solutions and methods of working from many perspectives. The student can explain comprehensive significance of housing conditions, practical work and documentation of production.

Assessment methods and criteria

Approved assingments, training period and demonstrations
Active participation
Exam

Qualifications

None

Objective

The student can define the concept of animal welfare and carry out basic assessment of welfare in practise. The student is familiar with the most common housing systems and the technology used in the management of housing conditions. The student is familiar with the basic tasks and documentation needed at different stages of the production cycles. The student can find information about the central legislation concerning animal welfare and production documentation. The student can explain how housing conditions, daily working routines, written documentation and legislation are connected with production results and sustainable development.

Content

Housing systems, interaction between animals and its environment, technology basics and other housing condition management, assessment of farm animal welfare, duties connected to different stages of production cycles, basics of anatomy and physiology connected to the above-mentioned issues, legislation concerning animal welfare, documentation of production and data registers connected to animal production.

Materials

Material informed by teacher.

Teaching methods

Lectures
Assingments
Demonstrations
Practical training
Self-study

Employer connections

Demontrations at Vacca oy.
Visits to enterprises at animal production sector.

Completion alternatives

Those interested about literature exam can contact the teahcer.

Student workload

Totally 135 h
Contact learning about 20 h, self study 115 h.

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

The student can explain the most important duties at different stages of production cycles. The student can list factors affecting farm animal welfare. The student can recognize the most usual housing systems and technological solutions used. The student can find information about the central legislation concerning animal welfare.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The student can explain significance of manners of working and documentation. The student can present differences between different housing systems and technological solutions and explain their interaction with working methods, animal welfare and production. The student can assess basics of animal welfare in practise and interpret central contents of legislation concerning animal welfare.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The student can compare and evaluate different technological solutions and methods of working from many perspectives. The student can explain comprehensive significance of housing conditions, practical work and documentation of production.

Assessment methods and criteria

Approved assingments, training period and demonstrations
Active participation
Exam

Qualifications

None

Objective

The student is able to define the ecological criteria of organic production and is able to present the most important organic production rules. The student knows the organic farming technology of arable crops. The student knows the basics of animal and organic animal husbandry and feeding. The student is able to prepare an organic plan, a crop rotation plan and an animal management plan for moving to an organic farm. The student is able to analyze the factors affecting the profitability of organic production and is able to list the marketing channels of organic products.

Content

Basics of ecology, scale of organic production, rules and controls of organic production, soil fertility and its management, crop rotation, crop rotation plan, fertilization and plant protection in organic farming, organic farming technology for arable crops, economics and marketing, basics of organic livestock production planning.

Materials

Rajala 2004. Luonnonmukainen maatalous. HY, Maaseudun tutkimus- ja koulutuskeskus
OR
Källander & Bovin 1993. Luonnonmukainen maanviljely. Kirjayhtymä

Teaching methods

Online teaching, learning curve and developing exercises

Exam schedules

Exam

Student workload

Totally 135 h, online teaching 42 h, exercises and autonomous studies 73 h, exam 20 h.

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

The student knows the ecological basis for the organic production and lists the most important rules concerning organic production. The student specifies the main things of the cultivation technique of organic farming and draws up a crop rotation plan for an organic farm. The student lists factors which affect the profitability of the organic production and lists marketing channels.The student can list the main principles of the animal organic production. Student can identify the most important changes caused by the transition to the organic production on a farm.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The student describes the ecological basis for the organic production and explains rules concerning organic production. The student makes the summary of the cultivation technique of organic farming and explains factors which affect it. The student draws up a crop rotation plan for an organic farm and justifies the practices of the farm. The student estimates factors affecting the profitability of organic production and lists the marketing channels of different products.The student can explain the main principles of organic animal production. Student can apply the regulations and guidelines of organic production to the conditions of a farm.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The student explains which ecological points the organic production is based on and interprets and comments on the rules of organic production. The student explains the cultivation technique of organic farming and analyses affecting factors. The student makes a crop rotation plan for an organic farm, compares different alternatives and justifies his/her choices and development proposals. The student compares the profitability factors of the organic production and the marketing channels.The student can plan the animal production of an organic farm , also in the phases of transition from convential to organic production.

Assessment methods and criteria

- Approved assignments
- Exam

Qualifications

Common professional studies in plant husbandry and animal husbandry.

Objective

The student is able to give an overview of the bioeconomy and especially agriculture as part of the bioeconomy. The student is able to describe the importance of the bioeconomy and the operation of the circular economy in agriculture.
The student is able to explain the importance of the forest and field environment for carbon balance of Finland

Students will learn about rural businesses and the opportunities offered by rural areas. The student can explain the position of Finnish agriculture and forestry in an international operating environment. The student is able to name different companies related to agriculture and forestry and other business activities in rural areas

The student can give examples of different farms and describe their functional differences and meanings. They can describe key inputs and resources, co-operatives and connections, as well as product flows and operating cycles.

The student becomes acquainted with the forest environment from the perspective of the entrepreneur as both wood production and multifunctional possibilities, for example, in the forest Green Care operation. He is able to explain the cycle of timber production in forests and to identify particularly important habitats of forest nature.

The student identifies the main crops and some key weeds. The student is able to analyze the results of soil samples and understand their significance as a basis for sustainable plant cultivation. Student is able to give examples of how plants function as carbon sinks and recognize the importance of soil in the carbon cycle.

Content

- Bioeconomy and agriculture in Finland and in a global operating environment
- countryside as a concept and businesses and earning potential
- the importance of the forest as a source of economic prosperity
- sustainable development, circular economy and carbon cycle
- Finnish cultivation and weeds
- Fertility analysis as part of crop production
- Getting to know the circular economy through the bioeconomy game.
- Study trips

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

Approved: Students will be able to name companies in rural areas and rural opportunities. The student can explain the position of Finnish agriculture and forestry in an international operating environment. The student can give examples of different farms and describe their functional differences and meanings. They can describe key inputs and resources, co-operatives and connections, as well as product flows and operating cycles.

The student identifies the main crops and some key weeds. He is also able to present key perspectives on the sustainability of plant cultivation. He is able to take soil samples and is able to give examples of the importance of sampling.

The student is able to explain the vegetation layers of the forest and the growing of the forest ecosystem and has made the approved forest report as part of their learning diary.

Objective

The student is able to give an overview of the bioeconomy and especially agriculture as part of the bioeconomy. The student is able to describe the importance of the bioeconomy and the operation of the circular economy in agriculture.
The student is able to explain the importance of the forest and field environment for carbon balance of Finland

Students will learn about rural businesses and the opportunities offered by rural areas. The student can explain the position of Finnish agriculture and forestry in an international operating environment. The student is able to name different companies related to agriculture and forestry and other business activities in rural areas

The student can give examples of different farms and describe their functional differences and meanings. They can describe key inputs and resources, co-operatives and connections, as well as product flows and operating cycles.

The student becomes acquainted with the forest environment from the perspective of the entrepreneur as both wood production and multifunctional possibilities, for example, in the forest Green Care operation. He is able to explain the cycle of timber production in forests and to identify particularly important habitats of forest nature.

The student identifies the main crops and some key weeds. The student is able to analyze the results of soil samples and understand their significance as a basis for sustainable plant cultivation. Student is able to give examples of how plants function as carbon sinks and recognize the importance of soil in the carbon cycle.

Content

- Bioeconomy and agriculture in Finland and in a global operating environment
- countryside as a concept and businesses and earning potential
- the importance of the forest as a source of economic prosperity
- sustainable development, circular economy and carbon cycle
- Finnish cultivation and weeds
- Fertility analysis as part of crop production
- Getting to know the circular economy through the bioeconomy game.
- Study trips

Materials

Material that teachers inform you.

Teaching methods

Participation to practical training, field trip and lectures. Learningdiary including considered things in study module.
Net exam (forestry)

Completion alternatives

If you have competence in practical training, you can show it to teacher.

Student workload

100 hours business, forestry, sustainable development, cultivation and field trip.

realization.localizedApproveRejectDescription

Approved: Students will be able to name companies in rural areas and rural opportunities. The student can explain the position of Finnish agriculture and forestry in an international operating environment. The student can give examples of different farms and describe their functional differences and meanings. They can describe key inputs and resources, co-operatives and connections, as well as product flows and operating cycles.

The student identifies the main crops and some key weeds. He is also able to present key perspectives on the sustainability of plant cultivation. He is able to take soil samples and is able to give examples of the importance of sampling.

The student is able to explain the vegetation layers of the forest and the growing of the forest ecosystem and has made the approved forest report as part of their learning diary.

Evaluation scale

Passed/failed

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

Approved: Students will be able to name companies in rural areas and rural opportunities. The student can explain the position of Finnish agriculture and forestry in an international operating environment. The student can give examples of different farms and describe their functional differences and meanings. They can describe key inputs and resources, co-operatives and connections, as well as product flows and operating cycles.

The student identifies the main crops and some key weeds. He is also able to present key perspectives on the sustainability of plant cultivation. He is able to take soil samples and is able to give examples of the importance of sampling.

The student is able to explain the vegetation layers of the forest and the growing of the forest ecosystem and has made the approved forest report as part of their learning diary.

Assessment methods and criteria

Active participation, exam, learning diary, practical training and raport --> accept or fail in whole study module.

Objective

The student can
- basic concepts and key elements of the agricultural business economy.
- explain the main functions and principles of the agricultural enterprise on which the farm is managed.
- explain the link between resource efficiency and company performance.
- justify the importance of the farmer for the success of the farm.
- to prepare the basic calculations necessary for the management of the farm.
- utilize the materials of Luke's Economis

Content

Basic concepts of agricultural business economy, ,margin, profit and balance sheet calculations.
Farm management and decision-making basics
Profitability Accounting, Profitability Research Concept and Reporting System, and FADN Results for EU Countries

Materials

Kay, Edwards & Duffy 2008. Farm Management. McGraw-Hill. as applicable
www.luke.fi/taloustohtori
Material produced and compiled by the teacher

Teaching methods

Classroom teaching, individual and group assignments, independent work

Exam schedules

The exam is in the last classroom teaching session.

Student workload

135 h

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

The student receives a grade of 1 or 2, when he understands the basics of agricultural business in a satisfactory and supervision.The student is able to calculate the income, balance sheet and profitability calculations and understand the MTT Economics PhD basics of farming profitability of the company's accounting satisfactorily.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The student understands the basics of agricultural business very well and is able to calculate the income, balance sheet and profitability calculations independently and understand the MTT Economics PhD basics of farming profitability of the company's accounting records as well.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The student masters the basics of agricultural business economics very well, and is able to calculate the income, balance sheet and profitability calculations independently and versatile. He understands the MTT Economics PhD or agricultural enterprise profitability bookkeeping

Assessment methods and criteria

Exam, approved individual and group assignments,

Qualifications

None

Objective

The student can
- basic concepts and key elements of the agricultural business economy.
- explain the main functions and principles of the agricultural enterprise on which the farm is managed.
- explain the link between resource efficiency and company performance.
- justify the importance of the farmer for the success of the farm.
- to prepare the basic calculations necessary for the management of the farm.
- utilize the materials of Luke's Economis

Content

Basic concepts of agricultural business economy, ,margin, profit and balance sheet calculations.
Farm management and decision-making basics
Profitability Accounting, Profitability Research Concept and Reporting System, and FADN Results for EU Countries

Materials

Kay, Edwards & Duffy 2008. Farm Management. McGraw-Hill. as appicable
www.luke.fi/taloustohtori
Material produced and compiled by the teacher

Teaching methods

Teaching includes time-bound online teaching. Online lectures, independent assignment and group work. The exam is at the school (week 49).

Exam schedules

The exam is in week 49 at school. It is also possible to take the exam in Exam mode.

Completion alternatives

Student has a possibility for employment integrated learning if the student is in a workplace where there are similar contents in the work assignments. Through the recognition of competence, previous similar studies can be taken into account. To be agreed with the teacher.

Student workload

Total study hours 135h
Online lectures, independent assignment and group work

Further information

No prior knowledge is required.

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

The student receives a grade of 1 or 2, when he understands the basics of agricultural business in a satisfactory and supervision.The student is able to calculate the income, balance sheet and profitability calculations and understand the MTT Economics PhD basics of farming profitability of the company's accounting satisfactorily.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The student understands the basics of agricultural business very well and is able to calculate the income, balance sheet and profitability calculations independently and understand the MTT Economics PhD basics of farming profitability of the company's accounting records as well.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The student masters the basics of agricultural business economics very well, and is able to calculate the income, balance sheet and profitability calculations independently and versatile. He understands the MTT Economics PhD or agricultural enterprise profitability bookkeeping

Assessment methods and criteria

Exam, approved individual and group assignments

Qualifications

None

Objective

The students are able to gather information, evaluate, plan and develop operations of a dairy cow unit taking into account animal productivity, health and welfare as well as effective use of resources and sustainibility. The students are able to take part in professional discussions of dairy production.

Content

Current topics in production and nutrition of dairy cows and replacement animals in finnish and international sources, digital solutions used to gather information and other technology used in production, indicators describing the production with most attention in the indicators of yield and production along with efficiency in use of feed and nutrients, producer prices and principal production costs, principles of planning breeding in dairy production, current topics in health care, important subjects relating to planning of preventive health care, environmental effects of production, prevention of common production diseases.

Materials

Material assigned by teacher.

Teaching methods

Lectures, web-based or recorded
Assignments; it is obligatory to take part to presentations of some assingments (agreed in the beginning of the course)
Demonstrations (obligatory)
Study trips (obligatory)

Completion alternatives

The course can also be connected with the student’s work tasks and assingments if the student is in a workplace where the work assignments have similar contents. The matter is agreed in more detail with the teacher at the beginning of the course.

Student workload

Totally 270 h.

Further information

Grassland production and use as forage is recommended before this course.

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

The students can act in a dairy unit at daily activities and gather basic information needed for production and heath care. They can produce feeding plans for different groups of animals when advised. They can describe elements of producer price and list ways of reducing production costs. They can describe and compare technological solutions.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The students can manage and plan the production from a longer perspective. They can plan the feeding of different groups of animals. They are able to evaluate and explain possibilities health care and aspects of producing replacement animals. They can recognize the effects of feeding, care and housing conditions on performance, health, environment and production costs. They can justifiably compare and choose solutions for feeding and technology.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The students can take into account and apply detailed facts of nutrition and production biology when planning feeding and production. They are able to search and apply information and give reasons for decisions independently. They can form a broad multidisciplinary view combining animal welfare and productivity, technology and effective use of resources.

Assessment methods and criteria

Approved assingments
Exam

Qualifications

Common professional studies in animal husbandry or other comparable knowledge and skills.

Further information

The student can complete 4, 7 or 10 credits according to their choice.
Common to all 4 ECTS Basics of course content and milk production as a field.
Extension package 3 credits: Udder and hoof health with an emphasis on preventive health care, in-depth information on milking.
Extension package 3 ECTS: Planning and implementation of feeding (incl. technical choices and dimensioning) in different production stages and for different groups of animals, connection of feed choices and feeding implementation to nutritional and metabolic diseases.

Objective

The student knows the production chain of beef. The student is able to gather information, evaluate, plan and develop operations of units specialized in raising cattle for meat or beef cow production taking into account animal productivity, health and welfare as well as effective use of resources and sustainbilty. The student is able to take part in professional discussions on beef production.

Content

Production chain of beef and methods of production in Finland and internationally, current topics in production and nutrition of beef cows and animals grown for meat, digital solutions used to gather information and other technology used in production, indicators describing the production, producer prices and principal production costs, principles of planning breeding in beef cow production, current topics in health care, important subjects relating to planning of preventive health care, environmental effects of production, prevention of common diseases.

Materials

Material assigned by teacher.

Teaching methods

Lectures, recorded
Assingments
Self-study, partly web-based

Employer connections

study visits/ visiting lectures

Completion alternatives

The course can also be connected with the student’s work tasks and assingments if the student is in a workplace where the work assignments have similar contents. The matter is agreed in more detail with the teacher at the beginning of the course.

Student workload

Totally 135 h.

Further information

Grassland production and use as forage is recommended before this course

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

The student can act in a beef unit or beef cow farm at daily activities and gather basic information needed for production and heath care. The student can produce feeding plans for different groups of animals when advised. The student can describe elements of producer price and list ways of reducing production costs. The student can describe and compare technological solutions.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The student can manage and plan the production from a longer perspective. The student can plan the feeding of different groups of animals. The student is able to evaluate and explain possibilities health care and animal breeding. The student can explain the significance of different farms in production chain. The student can recognize the effects of feeding, care and housing conditions on performance, health, environment and production costs. The student can justifiably compare and choose solutions for feeding and technology.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The student can take into account and apply detailed facts of nutrition and production biology when planning feeding and production. The student is able to search and apply information and give reasons for decisions independently. The student can form a broad multidisciplinary view combining animal welfare and productivity, technology, effective use of resources and mutual impact of the different parts of production chain.

Assessment methods and criteria

Approved assignments

Qualifications

Common professional studies in animal production or comparable knowledge.

Further information

The student can direct studies to either beef cow production or animals raised for meat.

Objective

The student is able to gather information for calculation of key figures used in milk production. The student can utilize main sources to get information about the results calculated for a dairy farm. The student is able to process information if needed. The student can use the key figures to evaluate, plan and develop operations of a dairy cow unit taking into account animal productivity, health and welfare as well as effective use of resources and sustainbility. The student is able to take part in professional discussions of key figures and indicators used in milk production.

Content

Basics of fertility, data and information sources, principal key figures used in Finland and internationally and their interpretation, effect of key figures on productional and economical results, animal health and welfare, use of key figures in monitoring and planning of production

Materials

Hulsen, J. (2008). Fertility: A practical guide to fertility management (2nd ed.). Roodbont.

Hulsen, J., Lam, T. J. G. M., & Tirkkonen, M. (2011). Utareterveys. ProAgria Keskusten Liitto. (soveltuvin osin)

Teaching methods

Indepented webbased learning
Possibility to get guidance to assigments

Student workload

Totally 130 h.

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

Student can name main data sources used in evaluation of fertility and in follw-up of production cycle. Student is able to make a reasonable summary of indicators of good fertility and production management of a dairy farm.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The student can compare different key figures and data sources. The student can justify the usability of key figures and indicators in evaluation of fertility and planning of production. The student can analyse which objectives to choose. The student can evaluate their own learning process during the course and can describe how to develop their knowledge and skills in future.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The student can evaluate and justify the usability of different key figures in evaluation of fertility and planning of production widely and comprehensibly. The student can conclude, which targets and objectives to choose in different situations and from various perspectives. The student is able to suggest new indicators to make the overall picture about fertility and production management more complete.

Assessment methods and criteria

Approved assignments.

Objective

The studies increase students' skills developing plant production plans for a farm. The student can explain the factors of plant production planning and developing. Student can analyze the present situation and the problems related to that, as well as map the possibilities of development. Based on this, the student can create development plan including economic calculations as well as indicators and methods of evaluation. Student can make the plant production plan by using a planning tool programme. Student can plan a crop rotation which increases the soil quality and in which the fertilization and plant protection are done by considering environmental and sustainability factors.

The student is also able to plan machinery systems for cereal/grass production. The student can make nutrient balance calculations. The student can also utilize research outcomes.

Content

Purchase of farm-specific basic material.
Economical calculations
Crop rotation, carbon farming and regenerative farming
Plant protection plan and pest control methods.
Nutrient balances, their analysis and development.
Farm development plan including bookkeeping
Designing of technology solutions
Crop Production Planning Program and its use

Materials

Electronically available Finnish, Swedish and English material, which is pointed out in Moodle

Teaching methods

Contact teaching, oral presentations, group guidance and group work.

Exam schedules

No exams

Student workload

Total work load 270 h, of which scheduled studies 50 h, guidance in groups 50 and group work 170 h

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

The student can make plant protection plans and cultivation and production plans with economic calculations, if he is guided. The student will find means which can be used to improve the nutrient balance and crop production of the farm.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The student can make a cultivation plan, and crop protection plan with economic calculations and calculate the field balance sheets of the farm. The student explains how different factors affect the balance sheets of the state and to the making of the cultivation plan. The student analyses and interprets the cultivation of the farm and the factors which affect it.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The student can make a cultivation plan, crop protection plan with economic calculations and calculate the field balance sheets of the farm. The student thinks and justifies factors which affect the balance sheets and cultivation plan. The student analyses the cultivation of the farm and presents the concrete developing measures of the farm

Assessment methods and criteria

Development plan (1-5), plant protection, profit margin calculatios and wisu plans (accepted)

Qualifications

Basics of professional studies

Objective

The student is able to give an overview of the bioeconomy and especially agriculture as part of the bioeconomy. The student is able to describe the importance of the bioeconomy and the operation of the circular economy in agriculture.
The student is able to explain the importance of the forest and field environment for carbon balance of Finland

Students will learn about rural businesses and the opportunities offered by rural areas. The student can explain the position of Finnish agriculture and forestry in an international operating environment. The student is able to name different companies related to agriculture and forestry and other business activities in rural areas

The student can give examples of different farms and describe their functional differences and meanings. They can describe key inputs and resources, co-operatives and connections, as well as product flows and operating cycles.

The student becomes acquainted with the forest environment from the perspective of the entrepreneur as both wood production and multifunctional possibilities, for example, in the forest Green Care operation. He is able to explain the cycle of timber production in forests and to identify particularly important habitats of forest nature.

The student identifies the main crops and some key weeds. The student is able to analyze the results of soil samples and understand their significance as a basis for sustainable plant cultivation. Student is able to give examples of how plants function as carbon sinks and recognize the importance of soil in the carbon cycle.

Content

- Bioeconomy and agriculture in Finland and in a global operating environment
- countryside as a concept and businesses and earning potential
- the importance of the forest as a source of economic prosperity
- sustainable development, circular economy and carbon cycle
- Finnish cultivation and weeds
- Fertility analysis as part of crop production
- Getting to know the circular economy through the bioeconomy game.
- Study trips

Materials

Material that teachers inform you.

Teaching methods

Participation to practical training, field trip and lectures. Learningdiary including considered things in study module.
Net exam (forestry)

Completion alternatives

If you have competence in practical training, you can show it to teacher.

Student workload

100 hours business, forestry, sustainable development, cultivation and field trip.

realization.localizedApproveRejectDescription

Approved: Students will be able to name companies in rural areas and rural opportunities. The student can explain the position of Finnish agriculture and forestry in an international operating environment. The student can give examples of different farms and describe their functional differences and meanings. They can describe key inputs and resources, co-operatives and connections, as well as product flows and operating cycles.

The student identifies the main crops and some key weeds. He is also able to present key perspectives on the sustainability of plant cultivation. He is able to take soil samples and is able to give examples of the importance of sampling.

The student is able to explain the vegetation layers of the forest and the growing of the forest ecosystem and has made the approved forest report as part of their learning diary.

Evaluation scale

Passed/failed

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

Approved: Students will be able to name companies in rural areas and rural opportunities. The student can explain the position of Finnish agriculture and forestry in an international operating environment. The student can give examples of different farms and describe their functional differences and meanings. They can describe key inputs and resources, co-operatives and connections, as well as product flows and operating cycles.

The student identifies the main crops and some key weeds. He is also able to present key perspectives on the sustainability of plant cultivation. He is able to take soil samples and is able to give examples of the importance of sampling.

The student is able to explain the vegetation layers of the forest and the growing of the forest ecosystem and has made the approved forest report as part of their learning diary.

Assessment methods and criteria

Active participation, exam, learning diary, practical training and raport --> accept or fail in whole study module.

Objective

The student is able to define the ecological criteria of organic production and is able to present the most important organic production rules. The student knows the organic farming technology of arable crops. The student knows the basics of animal and organic animal husbandry and feeding. The student is able to prepare an organic plan, a crop rotation plan and an animal management plan for moving to an organic farm. The student is able to analyze the factors affecting the profitability of organic production and is able to list the marketing channels of organic products.

Content

Basics of ecology, scale of organic production, rules and controls of organic production, soil fertility and its management, crop rotation, crop rotation plan, fertilization and plant protection in organic farming, organic farming technology for arable crops, economics and marketing, basics of organic livestock production planning.

Materials

Rajala 2004. Luonnonmukainen maatalous. HY, Maaseudun tutkimus- ja koulutuskeskus
OR
Källander & Bovin 1993. Luonnonmukainen maanviljely. Kirjayhtymä

Teaching methods

Online teaching, learning curve and developing exercises

Exam schedules

Exam

Student workload

Totally 135 h, online teaching 42 h, exercises and autonomous studies 73 h, exam 20 h.

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

The student knows the ecological basis for the organic production and lists the most important rules concerning organic production. The student specifies the main things of the cultivation technique of organic farming and draws up a crop rotation plan for an organic farm. The student lists factors which affect the profitability of the organic production and lists marketing channels.The student can list the main principles of the animal organic production. Student can identify the most important changes caused by the transition to the organic production on a farm.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The student describes the ecological basis for the organic production and explains rules concerning organic production. The student makes the summary of the cultivation technique of organic farming and explains factors which affect it. The student draws up a crop rotation plan for an organic farm and justifies the practices of the farm. The student estimates factors affecting the profitability of organic production and lists the marketing channels of different products.The student can explain the main principles of organic animal production. Student can apply the regulations and guidelines of organic production to the conditions of a farm.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The student explains which ecological points the organic production is based on and interprets and comments on the rules of organic production. The student explains the cultivation technique of organic farming and analyses affecting factors. The student makes a crop rotation plan for an organic farm, compares different alternatives and justifies his/her choices and development proposals. The student compares the profitability factors of the organic production and the marketing channels.The student can plan the animal production of an organic farm , also in the phases of transition from convential to organic production.

Assessment methods and criteria

- Approved assignments
- Exam

Qualifications

Common professional studies in plant husbandry and animal husbandry.

Objective

The student can define the concept of animal welfare and carry out basic assessment of welfare in practise. The student is familiar with the most common housing systems and the technology used in the management of housing conditions. The student is familiar with the basic tasks and documentation needed at different stages of the production cycles. The student can find information about the central legislation concerning animal welfare and production documentation. The student can explain how housing conditions, daily working routines, written documentation and legislation are connected with production results and sustainable development.

Content

Housing systems, interaction between animals and its environment, technology basics and other housing condition management, assessment of farm animal welfare, duties connected to different stages of production cycles, basics of anatomy and physiology connected to the above-mentioned issues, legislation concerning animal welfare, documentation of production and data registers connected to animal production.

Materials

Material informed by teacher.

Teaching methods

Lectures
Assingments
Demonstrations
Practical training
Self-study

Employer connections

Demontrations and practical training at Vacca oy.
Visits to enterprises at animal production sector.

Completion alternatives

Those interested about literature exam can contact the teahcer.

Student workload

Totally 135 h
Contact learning about 65 h, self study 60 h.

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

The student can explain the most important duties at different stages of production cycles. The student can list factors affecting farm animal welfare. The student can recognize the most usual housing systems and technological solutions used. The student can find information about the central legislation concerning animal welfare.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The student can explain significance of manners of working and documentation. The student can present differences between different housing systems and technological solutions and explain their interaction with working methods, animal welfare and production. The student can assess basics of animal welfare in practise and interpret central contents of legislation concerning animal welfare.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The student can compare and evaluate different technological solutions and methods of working from many perspectives. The student can explain comprehensive significance of housing conditions, practical work and documentation of production.

Assessment methods and criteria

Approved assingments, training period and demonstrations
Active participation
Exam

Qualifications

None

Objective

The student can
- basic concepts and key elements of the agricultural business economy.
- explain the main functions and principles of the agricultural enterprise on which the farm is managed.
- explain the link between resource efficiency and company performance.
- justify the importance of the farmer for the success of the farm.
- to prepare the basic calculations necessary for the management of the farm.
- utilize the materials of Luke's Economis

Content

Basic concepts of agricultural business economy, ,margin, profit and balance sheet calculations.
Farm management and decision-making basics
Profitability Accounting, Profitability Research Concept and Reporting System, and FADN Results for EU Countries

Materials

Kay, Edwards & Duffy 2008. Farm Management. McGraw-Hill. as applicable
www.luke.fi/taloustohtori
Material produced and compiled by the teacher

Teaching methods

Classroom teaching, individual and group assignments, independent work

Exam schedules

The exam is in the last classroom teaching session.

Student workload

135 h

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

The student receives a grade of 1 or 2, when he understands the basics of agricultural business in a satisfactory and supervision.The student is able to calculate the income, balance sheet and profitability calculations and understand the MTT Economics PhD basics of farming profitability of the company's accounting satisfactorily.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The student understands the basics of agricultural business very well and is able to calculate the income, balance sheet and profitability calculations independently and understand the MTT Economics PhD basics of farming profitability of the company's accounting records as well.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The student masters the basics of agricultural business economics very well, and is able to calculate the income, balance sheet and profitability calculations independently and versatile. He understands the MTT Economics PhD or agricultural enterprise profitability bookkeeping

Assessment methods and criteria

Exam, approved individual and group assignments,

Qualifications

None

Objective

The students are able to gather information, evaluate, plan and develop operations of a dairy cow unit taking into account animal productivity, health and welfare as well as effective use of resources and sustainibility. The students are able to take part in professional discussions of dairy production.

Content

Current topics in production and nutrition of dairy cows and replacement animals in finnish and international sources, digital solutions used to gather information and other technology used in production, indicators describing the production with most attention in the indicators of yield and production along with efficiency in use of feed and nutrients, producer prices and principal production costs, principles of planning breeding in dairy production, current topics in health care, important subjects relating to planning of preventive health care, environmental effects of production, prevention of common production diseases.

Materials

Material assigned by teacher.

Teaching methods

Lectures, web-based or recorded
Assignments; it is obligatory to take part to presentations of some assingments (agreed in the beginning of the course)
Demonstrations (obligatory)
Study trips (obligatory)

Completion alternatives

The course can also be connected with the student’s work tasks and assingments if the student is in a workplace where the work assignments have similar contents. The matter is agreed in more detail with the teacher at the beginning of the course.

Student workload

Totally 270 h.

Further information

Grassland production and use as forage is recommended before this course.

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

The students can act in a dairy unit at daily activities and gather basic information needed for production and heath care. They can produce feeding plans for different groups of animals when advised. They can describe elements of producer price and list ways of reducing production costs. They can describe and compare technological solutions.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The students can manage and plan the production from a longer perspective. They can plan the feeding of different groups of animals. They are able to evaluate and explain possibilities health care and aspects of producing replacement animals. They can recognize the effects of feeding, care and housing conditions on performance, health, environment and production costs. They can justifiably compare and choose solutions for feeding and technology.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The students can take into account and apply detailed facts of nutrition and production biology when planning feeding and production. They are able to search and apply information and give reasons for decisions independently. They can form a broad multidisciplinary view combining animal welfare and productivity, technology and effective use of resources.

Assessment methods and criteria

Approved assingments
Exam

Qualifications

Common professional studies in animal husbandry or other comparable knowledge and skills.

Further information

The student can complete 4, 7 or 10 credits according to their choice.
Common to all 4 ECTS Basics of course content and milk production as a field.
Extension package 3 credits: Udder and hoof health with an emphasis on preventive health care, in-depth information on milking.
Extension package 3 ECTS: Planning and implementation of feeding (incl. technical choices and dimensioning) in different production stages and for different groups of animals, connection of feed choices and feeding implementation to nutritional and metabolic diseases.

Objective

The student can
- basic concepts and key elements of the agricultural business economy.
- explain the main functions and principles of the agricultural enterprise on which the farm is managed.
- explain the link between resource efficiency and company performance.
- justify the importance of the farmer for the success of the farm.
- to prepare the basic calculations necessary for the management of the farm.
- utilize the materials of Luke's Economis

Content

Basic concepts of agricultural business economy, ,margin, profit and balance sheet calculations.
Farm management and decision-making basics
Profitability Accounting, Profitability Research Concept and Reporting System, and FADN Results for EU Countries

Materials

Kay, Edwards & Duffy 2008. Farm Management. McGraw-Hill. as appicable
www.luke.fi/taloustohtori
Material produced and compiled by the teacher

Teaching methods

Teaching includes time-bound online teaching. Online lectures, independent assignment and group work. The exam is at the school (week 49).

Exam schedules

The exam is in week 49 at school. It is also possible to take the exam in Exam mode.

Completion alternatives

Student has a possibility for employment integrated learning if the student is in a workplace where there are similar contents in the work assignments. Through the recognition of competence, previous similar studies can be taken into account. To be agreed with the teacher.

Student workload

Total study hours 135h
Online lectures, independent assignment and group work

Further information

No prior knowledge is required.

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

The student receives a grade of 1 or 2, when he understands the basics of agricultural business in a satisfactory and supervision.The student is able to calculate the income, balance sheet and profitability calculations and understand the MTT Economics PhD basics of farming profitability of the company's accounting satisfactorily.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The student understands the basics of agricultural business very well and is able to calculate the income, balance sheet and profitability calculations independently and understand the MTT Economics PhD basics of farming profitability of the company's accounting records as well.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The student masters the basics of agricultural business economics very well, and is able to calculate the income, balance sheet and profitability calculations independently and versatile. He understands the MTT Economics PhD or agricultural enterprise profitability bookkeeping

Assessment methods and criteria

Exam, approved individual and group assignments

Qualifications

None

Objective

The student knows the production chain of beef. The student is able to gather information, evaluate, plan and develop operations of units specialized in raising cattle for meat or beef cow production taking into account animal productivity, health and welfare as well as effective use of resources and sustainbilty. The student is able to take part in professional discussions on beef production.

Content

Production chain of beef and methods of production in Finland and internationally, current topics in production and nutrition of beef cows and animals grown for meat, digital solutions used to gather information and other technology used in production, indicators describing the production, producer prices and principal production costs, principles of planning breeding in beef cow production, current topics in health care, important subjects relating to planning of preventive health care, environmental effects of production, prevention of common diseases.

Materials

Material assigned by teacher.

Teaching methods

Lectures, recorded
Assingments
Self-study, partly web-based

Employer connections

study visits/ visiting lectures

Completion alternatives

The course can also be connected with the student’s work tasks and assingments if the student is in a workplace where the work assignments have similar contents. The matter is agreed in more detail with the teacher at the beginning of the course.

Student workload

Totally 135 h.

Further information

Grassland production and use as forage is recommended before this course

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

The student can act in a beef unit or beef cow farm at daily activities and gather basic information needed for production and heath care. The student can produce feeding plans for different groups of animals when advised. The student can describe elements of producer price and list ways of reducing production costs. The student can describe and compare technological solutions.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The student can manage and plan the production from a longer perspective. The student can plan the feeding of different groups of animals. The student is able to evaluate and explain possibilities health care and animal breeding. The student can explain the significance of different farms in production chain. The student can recognize the effects of feeding, care and housing conditions on performance, health, environment and production costs. The student can justifiably compare and choose solutions for feeding and technology.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The student can take into account and apply detailed facts of nutrition and production biology when planning feeding and production. The student is able to search and apply information and give reasons for decisions independently. The student can form a broad multidisciplinary view combining animal welfare and productivity, technology, effective use of resources and mutual impact of the different parts of production chain.

Assessment methods and criteria

Approved assignments

Qualifications

Common professional studies in animal production or comparable knowledge.

Further information

The student can direct studies to either beef cow production or animals raised for meat.

Objective

The studies increase students' skills developing plant production plans for a farm. The student can explain the factors of plant production planning and developing. Student can analyze the present situation and the problems related to that, as well as map the possibilities of development. Based on this, the student can create development plan including economic calculations as well as indicators and methods of evaluation. Student can make the plant production plan by using a planning tool programme. Student can plan a crop rotation which increases the soil quality and in which the fertilization and plant protection are done by considering environmental and sustainability factors.

The student is also able to plan machinery systems for cereal/grass production. The student can make nutrient balance calculations. The student can also utilize research outcomes.

Content

Purchase of farm-specific basic material.
Economical calculations
Crop rotation, carbon farming and regenerative farming
Plant protection plan and pest control methods.
Nutrient balances, their analysis and development.
Farm development plan including bookkeeping
Designing of technology solutions
Crop Production Planning Program and its use

Materials

Electronically available Finnish, Swedish and English material, which is pointed out in Moodle

Teaching methods

Contact teaching, oral presentations, group guidance and group work.

Exam schedules

No exams

Student workload

Total work load 270 h, of which scheduled studies 50 h, guidance in groups 50 and group work 170 h

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

The student can make plant protection plans and cultivation and production plans with economic calculations, if he is guided. The student will find means which can be used to improve the nutrient balance and crop production of the farm.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The student can make a cultivation plan, and crop protection plan with economic calculations and calculate the field balance sheets of the farm. The student explains how different factors affect the balance sheets of the state and to the making of the cultivation plan. The student analyses and interprets the cultivation of the farm and the factors which affect it.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The student can make a cultivation plan, crop protection plan with economic calculations and calculate the field balance sheets of the farm. The student thinks and justifies factors which affect the balance sheets and cultivation plan. The student analyses the cultivation of the farm and presents the concrete developing measures of the farm

Assessment methods and criteria

Development plan (1-5), plant protection, profit margin calculatios and wisu plans (accepted)

Qualifications

Basics of professional studies

Objective

The student is able to give an overview of the bioeconomy and especially agriculture as part of the bioeconomy. The student is able to describe the importance of the bioeconomy and the operation of the circular economy in agriculture.
The student is able to explain the importance of the forest and field environment for carbon balance of Finland

Students will learn about rural businesses and the opportunities offered by rural areas. The student can explain the position of Finnish agriculture and forestry in an international operating environment. The student is able to name different companies related to agriculture and forestry and other business activities in rural areas

The student can give examples of different farms and describe their functional differences and meanings. They can describe key inputs and resources, co-operatives and connections, as well as product flows and operating cycles.

The student becomes acquainted with the forest environment from the perspective of the entrepreneur as both wood production and multifunctional possibilities, for example, in the forest Green Care operation. He is able to explain the cycle of timber production in forests and to identify particularly important habitats of forest nature.

The student identifies the main crops and some key weeds. The student is able to analyze the results of soil samples and understand their significance as a basis for sustainable plant cultivation. Student is able to give examples of how plants function as carbon sinks and recognize the importance of soil in the carbon cycle.

Content

- Bioeconomy and agriculture in Finland and in a global operating environment
- countryside as a concept and businesses and earning potential
- the importance of the forest as a source of economic prosperity
- sustainable development, circular economy and carbon cycle
- Finnish cultivation and weeds
- Fertility analysis as part of crop production
- Getting to know the circular economy through the bioeconomy game.
- Study trips

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

Approved: Students will be able to name companies in rural areas and rural opportunities. The student can explain the position of Finnish agriculture and forestry in an international operating environment. The student can give examples of different farms and describe their functional differences and meanings. They can describe key inputs and resources, co-operatives and connections, as well as product flows and operating cycles.

The student identifies the main crops and some key weeds. He is also able to present key perspectives on the sustainability of plant cultivation. He is able to take soil samples and is able to give examples of the importance of sampling.

The student is able to explain the vegetation layers of the forest and the growing of the forest ecosystem and has made the approved forest report as part of their learning diary.

Objective

The student can define the concept of animal welfare and carry out basic assessment of welfare in practise. The student is familiar with the most common housing systems and the technology used in the management of housing conditions. The student is familiar with the basic tasks and documentation needed at different stages of the production cycles. The student can find information about the central legislation concerning animal welfare and production documentation. The student can explain how housing conditions, daily working routines, written documentation and legislation are connected with production results and sustainable development.

Content

Housing systems, interaction between animals and its environment, technology basics and other housing condition management, assessment of farm animal welfare, duties connected to different stages of production cycles, basics of anatomy and physiology connected to the above-mentioned issues, legislation concerning animal welfare, documentation of production and data registers connected to animal production.

Materials

Material informed by teacher.

Teaching methods

Lectures
Assingments
Demonstrations
Practical training
Self-study

Employer connections

Demontrations at Vacca oy.
Visits to enterprises at animal production sector.

Completion alternatives

Those interested about literature exam can contact the teahcer.

Student workload

Totally 135 h
Contact learning about 20 h, self study 115 h.

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

The student can explain the most important duties at different stages of production cycles. The student can list factors affecting farm animal welfare. The student can recognize the most usual housing systems and technological solutions used. The student can find information about the central legislation concerning animal welfare.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The student can explain significance of manners of working and documentation. The student can present differences between different housing systems and technological solutions and explain their interaction with working methods, animal welfare and production. The student can assess basics of animal welfare in practise and interpret central contents of legislation concerning animal welfare.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The student can compare and evaluate different technological solutions and methods of working from many perspectives. The student can explain comprehensive significance of housing conditions, practical work and documentation of production.

Assessment methods and criteria

Approved assingments, training period and demonstrations
Active participation
Exam

Qualifications

None

Objective

The student know the breeding goals of different farm animals. The student can explain the present practices used in the breeding of cattle and pigs mainly. The student can make a summary about the principles of mating planning at herd level and can evaluate the effects of a mating plan. The student can explain the significance of breeding goals and practices used on production and sustainable development in animal production.

Content

Heredity, breeding goals of different animals, genetic evaluation, reading of Finnish and international breeding values, herd level mating plans, evaluation of the effects of a mating plan, progress in genetic gain, legislation, ethical considerations.

Materials

Aro, J., Niemi, A., Toivonen, M., & Vahlsten, T. (2020). Testaa ja valitse: Lypsykarjanjalostuksella tuloksiin (1. painos.). Opetushallitus.
Jokela, M., Ahola-Launonen, J., Oja-Leikas, M., & Rova, M. (2017). Kiehtovat geenit: Mihin geenitietoa käytetään? (1. painos.). Duodecim.

Teaching methods

Independend webbased learning.
Possibility to get guidance to assignments.

Student workload

Totally 130 h.

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

The student can name the most essential breeding goals and ways of gathering data for breeding. The student has basic ability to read and interpret the breeding values and breeding plans.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The student knows the breeding goals and their significance. The student can interpret breeding values and evaluate the effects of a breeding plan at herd level.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The student has in-depth knowledge for interpreting breeding values and breeding plans. The student can justify the selection criteria of animals and can explain the principles of broader breeding programs.

Assessment methods and criteria

Approved assignments.

Qualifications

Basic knowledge of Finnish animal production and documentation of production. Basic of farm animal housing and welfare or similar knowledge.

Objective

The student is able to gather information for calculation of key figures used in milk production. The student can utilize main sources to get information about the results calculated for a dairy farm. The student is able to process information if needed. The student can use the key figures to evaluate, plan and develop operations of a dairy cow unit taking into account animal productivity, health and welfare as well as effective use of resources and sustainbility. The student is able to take part in professional discussions of key figures and indicators used in milk production.

Content

Basics of fertility, data and information sources, principal key figures used in Finland and internationally and their interpretation, effect of key figures on productional and economical results, animal health and welfare, use of key figures in monitoring and planning of production

Materials

Hulsen, J. (2008). Fertility: A practical guide to fertility management (2nd ed.). Roodbont.

Hulsen, J., Lam, T. J. G. M., & Tirkkonen, M. (2011). Utareterveys. ProAgria Keskusten Liitto. (soveltuvin osin)

Teaching methods

Indepented webbased learning
Possibility to get guidance to assigments

Student workload

Totally 130 h.

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

Student can name main data sources used in evaluation of fertility and in follw-up of production cycle. Student is able to make a reasonable summary of indicators of good fertility and production management of a dairy farm.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The student can compare different key figures and data sources. The student can justify the usability of key figures and indicators in evaluation of fertility and planning of production. The student can analyse which objectives to choose. The student can evaluate their own learning process during the course and can describe how to develop their knowledge and skills in future.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The student can evaluate and justify the usability of different key figures in evaluation of fertility and planning of production widely and comprehensibly. The student can conclude, which targets and objectives to choose in different situations and from various perspectives. The student is able to suggest new indicators to make the overall picture about fertility and production management more complete.

Assessment methods and criteria

Approved assignments.