Study Guide

Objective

Anatomy and physiology
The student is able to
- define and use terms and concepts related to anatomy and physiology.
- design the structures of the body in Finnish and Latin.
- explain the structure and function of organs and organ systems and their role in the functioning of the human body.
- explain the mechanisms of regulating the body's functions.

Content

Cell and tissues: basic structure and function of cells, tissue types and their properties.
Nervous system: main features of nervous tissue, parts of the nervous system and their structure, nervous regulation.
Endocrine system: structure and function, key hormones and their function, hormonal regulation, connection to neural regulation.
The immune system: the basics of the immune system's functions, structure and function.
Musculoskeletal system: main features of bone and muscle tissue, large bones of the body, different types of joints and their function, superficial muscles of the body, functions of the musculoskeletal system.
Cardiovascular system and blood: circulatory structures and function, cardiovascular functions, blood pressure, basics of circulatory function control, blood cells and blood composition, blood clotting process, fetal and neonatal circulation, lymphatic system connection to bloodstream, blood circulation to heat control.
Respiratory system: structure and function of the respiratory system, connection to the circulatory system, oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the respiratory system, basics of breathing control and respiratory flow.
Digestive system and energy metabolism: structures and function of the digestive system, nutrients and their digestion, energy metabolism and its regulation.
Urinary excretion and fluid balance: structure and function of the kidneys and urinary tract, regulation of fluid balance, involvement of the kidneys and lungs in regulating the acid-base balance of the body.
The senses: the basic structure and function of the sensory organs, the transmission and interpretation of the senses.
Reproduction: structure and function of female and male genitals, production of ova and sperm, menstrual cycle, basics of conception, progression of pregnancy and childbirth.

Qualifications

No prerequisites

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

1-2
The student
-is able to use the most relevant terminology of anatomy and physiology.
-is able to name the structures, organs and organ systems of the body and explain the basics of their functioning.
-is able to explain the basics of organ function in the functioning of the human body.
-is able to describe the mechanisms of body regulation in general.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

3-4
The student
-can use the terminology of anatomy and physiology appropriately.
-is able to name and explain the structures, organs and organ systems of the body.
-is able to explain the importance of organ systems in the functioning of the human body.
-is able to describe the body's mechanisms of regulation in a versatile manner.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

5
The student
-can use the terminology of anatomy and physiology appropriately and versatile.
-can describe in detail the structures, organs and organ systems of the body and explain their activities in a comprehensive manner.
-is able to thoroughly explain the role of organ systems in the functioning of the human body and is able to integrate organ system interactions comprehensively.
-is able to describe in detail the mechanisms of regulating the body and is able to explain the co-operation of regulatory mechanisms.