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PharmacologyLaajuus (3 cr)

Code: SH00CN88

Objective

The student
-is familiar with different drugs and pharmaceuticals.
-knows the basics of the mechanisms of action of different drugs in the body.
-knows the main properties, uses, side effects and interactions of medicines.

Content

Introduction to Pharmacology - a) Pharmacodynamics and b) Pharmacokinetics
Antimicrobials
Respiratory drugs
Medicines for gastrointestinal diseases
Drugs for endocrinological diseases
Analgesics
Rheumatoid arthritis medications
Cardiovascular drugs
Anticoagulants and their challenges
Adverse drug reactions and interactions
Drug-treated central nervous system diseases
Ophthalmic drugs
Medicines for sexually transmitted diseases and urinary tract diseases
Drug treatment
Medication for skin diseases

Qualifications

No prerequisites

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

1-2
The student
- lists various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- names the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understands the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- describes the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

3-4
The student
- describes various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- describes the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understand the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- describes the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

5
The student
- knows various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- is familiar with the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understands the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- is familiar with the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

Failed = 0
The student
- is not able to achieve the criteria on a satisfactory level.

Further information

Pharmacology 3cr Moodle exam = 15 lectures + exam
Assessment: the exam result is scored as a numerical grade on the following criteria:
51 % -60 % = T1
61 %- 70% = T2
71 %-80 % = H3
81 %-90 % = H4
91 %-100% = K5

Enrollment

17.04.2023 - 06.09.2023

Timing

28.08.2023 - 31.12.2023

Credits

3 op

Virtual proportion (cr)

3 op

Teaching languages
  • Finnish
Seats

1 - 40

Degree programmes
  • Bachelor of Health Care, Nursing
  • Degree Programme in Public Health Nursing
Teachers
  • Hanna Keski-Saari
Student groups
  • SH23K

Objective

The student
-is familiar with different drugs and pharmaceuticals.
-knows the basics of the mechanisms of action of different drugs in the body.
-knows the main properties, uses, side effects and interactions of medicines.

Content

Introduction to Pharmacology - a) Pharmacodynamics and b) Pharmacokinetics
Antimicrobials
Respiratory drugs
Medicines for gastrointestinal diseases
Drugs for endocrinological diseases
Analgesics
Rheumatoid arthritis medications
Cardiovascular drugs
Anticoagulants and their challenges
Adverse drug reactions and interactions
Drug-treated central nervous system diseases
Ophthalmic drugs
Medicines for sexually transmitted diseases and urinary tract diseases
Drug treatment
Medication for skin diseases

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

1-2
The student
- lists various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- names the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understands the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- describes the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

3-4
The student
- describes various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- describes the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understand the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- describes the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

5
The student
- knows various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- is familiar with the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understands the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- is familiar with the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

Failed = 0
The student
- is not able to achieve the criteria on a satisfactory level.

Qualifications

No prerequisites

Further information

Pharmacology 3cr Moodle exam = 15 lectures + exam
Assessment: the exam result is scored as a numerical grade on the following criteria:
51 % -60 % = T1
61 %- 70% = T2
71 %-80 % = H3
81 %-90 % = H4
91 %-100% = K5

Enrollment

17.04.2023 - 06.09.2023

Timing

14.08.2023 - 17.12.2023

Credits

3 op

Virtual proportion (cr)

3 op

Teaching languages
  • Finnish
Seats

1 - 40

Degree programmes
  • Bachelor of Health Care, Nursing
  • Degree Programme in Public Health Nursing
Teachers
  • Hanna Keski-Saari
Student groups
  • TH23

Objective

The student
-is familiar with different drugs and pharmaceuticals.
-knows the basics of the mechanisms of action of different drugs in the body.
-knows the main properties, uses, side effects and interactions of medicines.

Content

Introduction to Pharmacology - a) Pharmacodynamics and b) Pharmacokinetics
Antimicrobials
Respiratory drugs
Medicines for gastrointestinal diseases
Drugs for endocrinological diseases
Analgesics
Rheumatoid arthritis medications
Cardiovascular drugs
Anticoagulants and their challenges
Adverse drug reactions and interactions
Drug-treated central nervous system diseases
Ophthalmic drugs
Medicines for sexually transmitted diseases and urinary tract diseases
Drug treatment
Medication for skin diseases

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

1-2
The student
- lists various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- names the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understands the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- describes the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

3-4
The student
- describes various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- describes the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understand the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- describes the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

5
The student
- knows various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- is familiar with the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understands the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- is familiar with the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

Failed = 0
The student
- is not able to achieve the criteria on a satisfactory level.

Qualifications

No prerequisites

Further information

Pharmacology 3cr Moodle exam = 15 lectures + exam
Assessment: the exam result is scored as a numerical grade on the following criteria:
51 % -60 % = T1
61 %- 70% = T2
71 %-80 % = H3
81 %-90 % = H4
91 %-100% = K5

Enrollment

17.04.2023 - 06.09.2023

Timing

14.08.2023 - 31.12.2023

Credits

3 op

Virtual proportion (cr)

3 op

Teaching languages
  • Finnish
Seats

1 - 40

Degree programmes
  • Bachelor of Health Care, Nursing
  • Degree Programme in Public Health Nursing
Teachers
  • Hanna Keski-Saari
Student groups
  • MSH23K

Objective

The student
-is familiar with different drugs and pharmaceuticals.
-knows the basics of the mechanisms of action of different drugs in the body.
-knows the main properties, uses, side effects and interactions of medicines.

Content

Introduction to Pharmacology - a) Pharmacodynamics and b) Pharmacokinetics
Antimicrobials
Respiratory drugs
Medicines for gastrointestinal diseases
Drugs for endocrinological diseases
Analgesics
Rheumatoid arthritis medications
Cardiovascular drugs
Anticoagulants and their challenges
Adverse drug reactions and interactions
Drug-treated central nervous system diseases
Ophthalmic drugs
Medicines for sexually transmitted diseases and urinary tract diseases
Drug treatment
Medication for skin diseases

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

1-2
The student
- lists various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- names the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understands the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- describes the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

3-4
The student
- describes various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- describes the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understand the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- describes the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

5
The student
- knows various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- is familiar with the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understands the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- is familiar with the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

Failed = 0
The student
- is not able to achieve the criteria on a satisfactory level.

Qualifications

No prerequisites

Further information

Pharmacology 3cr Moodle exam = 15 lectures + exam
Assessment: the exam result is scored as a numerical grade on the following criteria:
51 % -60 % = T1
61 %- 70% = T2
71 %-80 % = H3
81 %-90 % = H4
91 %-100% = K5

Enrollment

13.03.2023 - 21.04.2023

Timing

01.05.2023 - 01.10.2023

Credits

3 op

Virtual proportion (cr)

3 op

Teaching languages
  • Finnish
Seats

1 - 40

Degree programmes
  • Bachelor of Health Care, Nursing
  • Degree Programme in Public Health Nursing
Teachers
  • Hanna Keski-Saari
Student groups
  • MSH22SB

Objective

The student
-is familiar with different drugs and pharmaceuticals.
-knows the basics of the mechanisms of action of different drugs in the body.
-knows the main properties, uses, side effects and interactions of medicines.

Content

Introduction to Pharmacology - a) Pharmacodynamics and b) Pharmacokinetics
Antimicrobials
Respiratory drugs
Medicines for gastrointestinal diseases
Drugs for endocrinological diseases
Analgesics
Rheumatoid arthritis medications
Cardiovascular drugs
Anticoagulants and their challenges
Adverse drug reactions and interactions
Drug-treated central nervous system diseases
Ophthalmic drugs
Medicines for sexually transmitted diseases and urinary tract diseases
Drug treatment
Medication for skin diseases

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

1-2
The student
- lists various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- names the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understands the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- describes the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

3-4
The student
- describes various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- describes the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understand the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- describes the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

5
The student
- knows various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- is familiar with the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understands the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- is familiar with the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

Failed = 0
The student
- is not able to achieve the criteria on a satisfactory level.

Qualifications

No prerequisites

Further information

Pharmacology 3cr Moodle exam = 15 lectures + exam
Assessment: the exam result is scored as a numerical grade on the following criteria:
51 % -60 % = T1
61 %- 70% = T2
71 %-80 % = H3
81 %-90 % = H4
91 %-100% = K5

Enrollment

13.03.2023 - 21.04.2023

Timing

01.05.2023 - 01.10.2023

Credits

3 op

Virtual proportion (cr)

3 op

Teaching languages
  • Finnish
Seats

1 - 40

Degree programmes
  • Bachelor of Health Care, Nursing
  • Degree Programme in Public Health Nursing
Teachers
  • Hanna Keski-Saari
Student groups
  • MSH22SA

Objective

The student
-is familiar with different drugs and pharmaceuticals.
-knows the basics of the mechanisms of action of different drugs in the body.
-knows the main properties, uses, side effects and interactions of medicines.

Content

Introduction to Pharmacology - a) Pharmacodynamics and b) Pharmacokinetics
Antimicrobials
Respiratory drugs
Medicines for gastrointestinal diseases
Drugs for endocrinological diseases
Analgesics
Rheumatoid arthritis medications
Cardiovascular drugs
Anticoagulants and their challenges
Adverse drug reactions and interactions
Drug-treated central nervous system diseases
Ophthalmic drugs
Medicines for sexually transmitted diseases and urinary tract diseases
Drug treatment
Medication for skin diseases

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

1-2
The student
- lists various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- names the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understands the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- describes the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

3-4
The student
- describes various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- describes the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understand the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- describes the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

5
The student
- knows various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- is familiar with the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understands the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- is familiar with the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

Failed = 0
The student
- is not able to achieve the criteria on a satisfactory level.

Qualifications

No prerequisites

Further information

Pharmacology 3cr Moodle exam = 15 lectures + exam
Assessment: the exam result is scored as a numerical grade on the following criteria:
51 % -60 % = T1
61 %- 70% = T2
71 %-80 % = H3
81 %-90 % = H4
91 %-100% = K5

Enrollment

20.04.2023 - 30.04.2023

Timing

01.05.2023 - 03.09.2023

Credits

3 op

Virtual proportion (cr)

3 op

Teaching languages
  • Finnish
Seats

1 - 40

Degree programmes
  • Bachelor of Health Care, Nursing
  • Degree Programme in Public Health Nursing
Teachers
  • Hanna Keski-Saari
Student groups
  • SH22S

Objective

The student
-is familiar with different drugs and pharmaceuticals.
-knows the basics of the mechanisms of action of different drugs in the body.
-knows the main properties, uses, side effects and interactions of medicines.

Content

Introduction to Pharmacology - a) Pharmacodynamics and b) Pharmacokinetics
Antimicrobials
Respiratory drugs
Medicines for gastrointestinal diseases
Drugs for endocrinological diseases
Analgesics
Rheumatoid arthritis medications
Cardiovascular drugs
Anticoagulants and their challenges
Adverse drug reactions and interactions
Drug-treated central nervous system diseases
Ophthalmic drugs
Medicines for sexually transmitted diseases and urinary tract diseases
Drug treatment
Medication for skin diseases

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

1-2
The student
- lists various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- names the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understands the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- describes the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

3-4
The student
- describes various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- describes the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understand the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- describes the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

5
The student
- knows various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- is familiar with the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understands the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- is familiar with the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

Failed = 0
The student
- is not able to achieve the criteria on a satisfactory level.

Qualifications

No prerequisites

Further information

Pharmacology 3cr Moodle exam = 15 lectures + exam
Assessment: the exam result is scored as a numerical grade on the following criteria:
51 % -60 % = T1
61 %- 70% = T2
71 %-80 % = H3
81 %-90 % = H4
91 %-100% = K5

Enrollment

16.04.2022 - 16.10.2022

Timing

12.09.2022 - 18.12.2022

Credits

3 op

Teaching languages
  • Finnish
Degree programmes
  • Bachelor of Health Care, Nursing
  • Degree Programme in Public Health Nursing
Teachers
  • Hanna Keski-Saari
Student groups
  • TH22

Objective

The student
-is familiar with different drugs and pharmaceuticals.
-knows the basics of the mechanisms of action of different drugs in the body.
-knows the main properties, uses, side effects and interactions of medicines.

Content

Introduction to Pharmacology - a) Pharmacodynamics and b) Pharmacokinetics
Antimicrobials
Respiratory drugs
Medicines for gastrointestinal diseases
Drugs for endocrinological diseases
Analgesics
Rheumatoid arthritis medications
Cardiovascular drugs
Anticoagulants and their challenges
Adverse drug reactions and interactions
Drug-treated central nervous system diseases
Ophthalmic drugs
Medicines for sexually transmitted diseases and urinary tract diseases
Drug treatment
Medication for skin diseases

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

1-2
The student
- lists various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- names the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understands the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- describes the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

3-4
The student
- describes various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- describes the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understand the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- describes the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

5
The student
- knows various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- is familiar with the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understands the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- is familiar with the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

Failed = 0
The student
- is not able to achieve the criteria on a satisfactory level.

Qualifications

No prerequisites

Further information

Pharmacology 3cr Moodle exam = 15 lectures + exam
Assessment: the exam result is scored as a numerical grade on the following criteria:
51 % -60 % = T1
61 %- 70% = T2
71 %-80 % = H3
81 %-90 % = H4
91 %-100% = K5

Enrollment

16.04.2022 - 07.09.2022

Timing

22.08.2022 - 31.12.2022

Credits

3 op

Teaching languages
  • Finnish
Degree programmes
  • Bachelor of Health Care, Nursing
  • Degree Programme in Public Health Nursing
Teachers
  • Hanna Keski-Saari
Student groups
  • SH22K
  • MSH22K

Objective

The student
-is familiar with different drugs and pharmaceuticals.
-knows the basics of the mechanisms of action of different drugs in the body.
-knows the main properties, uses, side effects and interactions of medicines.

Content

Introduction to Pharmacology - a) Pharmacodynamics and b) Pharmacokinetics
Antimicrobials
Respiratory drugs
Medicines for gastrointestinal diseases
Drugs for endocrinological diseases
Analgesics
Rheumatoid arthritis medications
Cardiovascular drugs
Anticoagulants and their challenges
Adverse drug reactions and interactions
Drug-treated central nervous system diseases
Ophthalmic drugs
Medicines for sexually transmitted diseases and urinary tract diseases
Drug treatment
Medication for skin diseases

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

1-2
The student
- lists various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- names the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understands the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- describes the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

3-4
The student
- describes various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- describes the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understand the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- describes the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

5
The student
- knows various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- is familiar with the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understands the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- is familiar with the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

Failed = 0
The student
- is not able to achieve the criteria on a satisfactory level.

Qualifications

No prerequisites

Further information

Pharmacology 3cr Moodle exam = 15 lectures + exam
Assessment: the exam result is scored as a numerical grade on the following criteria:
51 % -60 % = T1
61 %- 70% = T2
71 %-80 % = H3
81 %-90 % = H4
91 %-100% = K5

Enrollment

30.08.2021 - 27.03.2022

Timing

21.03.2022 - 30.09.2022

Credits

3 op

Virtual proportion (cr)

3 op

Teaching languages
  • Finnish
Degree programmes
  • Bachelor of Health Care, Nursing
  • Degree Programme in Public Health Nursing
Teachers
  • Hanna Keski-Saari
  • Katri Hemminki
Student groups
  • SH21S

Objective

The student
-is familiar with different drugs and pharmaceuticals.
-knows the basics of the mechanisms of action of different drugs in the body.
-knows the main properties, uses, side effects and interactions of medicines.

Content

Introduction to Pharmacology - a) Pharmacodynamics and b) Pharmacokinetics
Antimicrobials
Respiratory drugs
Medicines for gastrointestinal diseases
Drugs for endocrinological diseases
Analgesics
Rheumatoid arthritis medications
Cardiovascular drugs
Anticoagulants and their challenges
Adverse drug reactions and interactions
Drug-treated central nervous system diseases
Ophthalmic drugs
Medicines for sexually transmitted diseases and urinary tract diseases
Drug treatment
Medication for skin diseases

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

1-2
The student
- lists various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- names the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understands the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- describes the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

3-4
The student
- describes various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- describes the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understand the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- describes the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

5
The student
- knows various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- is familiar with the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understands the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- is familiar with the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

Failed = 0
The student
- is not able to achieve the criteria on a satisfactory level.

Qualifications

No prerequisites

Further information

Pharmacology 3cr Moodle exam = 15 lectures + exam
Assessment: the exam result is scored as a numerical grade on the following criteria:
51 % -60 % = T1
61 %- 70% = T2
71 %-80 % = H3
81 %-90 % = H4
91 %-100% = K5

Enrollment

30.08.2021 - 03.04.2022

Timing

21.03.2022 - 31.07.2022

Credits

3 op

Virtual proportion (cr)

3 op

Teaching languages
  • Finnish
Degree programmes
  • Bachelor of Health Care, Nursing
  • Degree Programme in Public Health Nursing
Teachers
  • Hanna Keski-Saari
  • Katri Hemminki
Student groups
  • MSH21S

Objective

The student
-is familiar with different drugs and pharmaceuticals.
-knows the basics of the mechanisms of action of different drugs in the body.
-knows the main properties, uses, side effects and interactions of medicines.

Content

Introduction to Pharmacology - a) Pharmacodynamics and b) Pharmacokinetics
Antimicrobials
Respiratory drugs
Medicines for gastrointestinal diseases
Drugs for endocrinological diseases
Analgesics
Rheumatoid arthritis medications
Cardiovascular drugs
Anticoagulants and their challenges
Adverse drug reactions and interactions
Drug-treated central nervous system diseases
Ophthalmic drugs
Medicines for sexually transmitted diseases and urinary tract diseases
Drug treatment
Medication for skin diseases

Evaluation scale

1-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

1-2
The student
- lists various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- names the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understands the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- describes the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

3-4
The student
- describes various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- describes the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understand the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- describes the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

5
The student
- knows various drugs and pharmaceutical products.
- is familiar with the effective mechanisms of various medicines and understands the impact of various drugs on the human organism.
- is familiar with the primary features of the more common drugs, their uses, side effects and combined effects.

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

Failed = 0
The student
- is not able to achieve the criteria on a satisfactory level.

Qualifications

No prerequisites

Further information

Pharmacology 3cr Moodle exam = 15 lectures + exam
Assessment: the exam result is scored as a numerical grade on the following criteria:
51 % -60 % = T1
61 %- 70% = T2
71 %-80 % = H3
81 %-90 % = H4
91 %-100% = K5